Florence Price


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Born in Little Rock, Arkansas on April 9th, 1887, Florence Beatrice Price began playing the piano and composing at age four. Her father was the only Black dentist in their town, and her mother was a music teacher who inspired Price’s early interest in music.
In 1903, when Price was only 16 years old, she began her studies at the New England Conservatory. During her time at university she took private composition lessons with George Whitfield Chadwick. Under Chadwick’s mentorship, Price experimented with African American folk inspirations in her compositions—something that would guide the rest of her musical career.
After earning her Artist’s Diploma in organ performance and a piano teacher’s diploma, Price returned to the South and taught in two schools before heading the music department at Clark University in Atlanta. She married in 1912, returning to Little Rock for several years, but was ultimately forced to uproot and join the Great Migration due to race riots and lynchings. In 1926, Price and her family moved to Chicago.
Price found a rich and vibrant community of Black musicians in Chicago. She began studying at the American Conservatory, initiating a compositionally prolific and creative period of her life that solidified her as part of the Chicago Black Renaissance. In 1932, she rose to national prominence when her Symphony in E minor won the Rodman Wanamaker Music competition and was performed by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. This historic concert made Price the first Black woman to have a symphony performed by a major national orchestra. A short while later, Marian Anderson performed Price’s My Soul’s Been Anchored in de Lord and Songs to the Dark Virgin on the world stage, boosting Price’s fame even further.
Price’s songs were performed by many prominent singers of her day, including Leontyne Price, Blanche Thebom, and Etta Moten. Her compositional style combined contemporary influences, such as those of the Harlem Renaissance and African American cultural heritage, with neo-Romanticism, which was popular among composers at that time. Price’s orchestral compositions drew particular inspiration from the work of Dvorak, with her first symphony both mirroring his ninth and altering its established form to include a chorale and juba dance.
By the time of her death in 1953, Price had composed four symphonies, three piano concertos, and two piano concertos, as well as countless choral works, art songs, spiritual arrangements, and other solo and chamber works. According to the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, over 300 of her compositions, mostly songs and piano pieces, still remain unpublished. Additional compositions continue to be discovered to this day.
Price faced significant racial and gendered discrimination which precluded her from attaining widespread recognition within the classical mainstream during her lifetime, yet her music has continued to flourish. Florence Louise Robinson, Price’s daughter, helped bring wider recognition to Price’s works. Scholars such as Rae Linda Brown, Helen Walker-Hill, and Samantha Ege have also played an instrumental role in promoting study and performance of Price’s music. From Price’s deep connection with her own communities to the dedication of subsequent scholars, her work has endured.
—Sophia Janevic
This profile was edited in 2023 as part of the Song of America Fellowship Program, a project of the Classic Song Research Initiative between the Hampsong Foundation and the University of Michigan, School of Music, Theatre, and Dance.
Sources:
Brown, Rae Linda. “Price [née Smith], Florence Bea(trice).” Grove Music Online. 30 Mar. 2020; Accessed 17 Aug. 2023. https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-90000367402.
Ege, Samantha. “Florence Beatrice Price.” Liner Notes for Price, Florence. Fantasie Nègre: The Piano Music of Florence Price. Samantha Ege, performer. Lontano Records, 2021. CD.
Related Information
Florence B. Price
fbpricecatalog.netAfrican Diaspora Music Project
africandiasporamusicproject.org/compser/florence-priceThe African American Art Song Alliance
darryltaylor.com/alliance/composers/florence-beatrice-priceAfriClassical.com
chevalierdesaintgeorges.homestead.com/price.htmlUniversity of Arkansas
uark.as.atlas-sys.com/repositories/2/resources/1419The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture
encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=1742Doctor of Musical Arts Dissertation, Indiana University
scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2022/22585/Carter,%20Marquese%20(DM%20Voice).pdf?sequence=1Master of Music Thesis, CCM
etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=ucin1186770755&disposition=inlineInternational Florence Price Festival
pricefest.orgThe New York Times
nytimes.com/2023/04/07/arts/music/florence-price-music.htmlSongs
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Books



The Heart of a Woman: the Life and Music of Florence B. Price
Rae Linda Brown
Sheet Music
An Anthology of African and African Diaspora Songs – 60 Songs
Christmas Lullaby (H. Leslie Adams)
Sence You Went Away (H. Leslie Adams)
The Heart of a Woman (H. Leslie Adams)
The Alarm Clock (David N. Baker)
The Negro Speaks of Rivers (Margaret Bonds)
Caring (Charles Brown)
Desire (Charles Brown)
Your Eyes So Deep (H. T. Burleigh)
Your Lips Are Wine (H. T. Burleigh)
Autumn (Valerie Capers)
Elëanore (Samuel Coleridge-Taylor)
The Willow Song (Samuel Coleridge-Taylor)
Minakesh (Arthur Cunningham)
Stars (Harriette Davison Watkins)
Out in the Fields (William Dawson)
The Refused (Mark Fax)
With Rue My Heart Is Laden (Bruce Forsythe)
Suspiro d’alma (Antônio Carlos Gomes)
If I Can Stop One Heart from Breaking (Adolphus Hailstork)
Longing (Adolphus Hailstork)
Loveliest of Trees (Adolphus Hailstork)
Dormi, Jesu (Jacqueline Hairston)
Gardé Piti Mulet Là (Maud Cuney Hare)
I’ll Not Forget (Jeraldine Herbison)
Little Elegy (Jonathan Holland)
In Time of Silver Rain (Sylvia Hollifield)
The Founding Fathers (Langston Hughes)
This is My Land (Langston Hughes)
L’il Gal (J. Rosamond Johnson)
Soliloquy (Thomas Kerr)
Amazing Grace (Lena McLin)
The Year’s at the Spring (Lena McLin)
I Am in Doubt (Undine Smith Moore)
I Want to Die While You Love Me (Undine Smith Moore)
For a Poet (Andre Myers)
Chere, Mo Lemmé Toi (Camille Nickerson)
Gué, Gué, Solingaie (Camille Nickerson)
Mshila (Fred Onovwerosuoke)
Entreaty (I Am the Rose of Sharon) (Eurydice Osterman)
Could I but Ride Indefinite (Robert Owens)
Die Nacht (Robert Owens)
From the Dark Tower (Robert Owens)
The Lynching (Robert Owens)
The Secret (Robert Owens)
Madrigal (Coleridge-Taylor Perkinson)
O Children of Men (Zenobia Powell Perry)
I Want to Die While You Love Me (Rosephanye Powell)
Spring (Florence Price)
The Sum (Florence Price)
Martin Luther King, Jr. (Dave Ragland)
Mangez, Boulez (Eat, Drink, Be Merry) (Nadine Shanti)
Prayer (Carlos Simon)
Troubled Woman (Hale Smith)
Why Fades a Dream? (Irene Britton Smith)
Dream Variations (Brandon Spencer)
Spring Song (Hilbert Stewart)
One Day (Howard Swanson)
I Went to Heaven (George Walker)
Norris Swamp (Aurelia Young)
Florence Price: 44 Art Songs and Spirituals
An April Day (Joseph Cotter)
Because (Paul Laurence Dunbar)
Beside the Sea (Paul Laurence Dunbar)
Bewilderment (Langston Hughes)
Dawn's Awakening (James Joseph Burke)
Death's Gwineter Lay His Cold Icy Hand on Me (Spiritual)
Feet o' Jesus (Langston Hughes)
Four Encore Songs: Tobacco (Graham Lee Hemminger); A Flea and a Fly (Ogden Nash); "Come, come," said Tom's Father (Thomas Moore); Song of the Open Road (Ogden Nash)
Go Down, Moses (Spiritual)
God Gives Me You (Nora Connelly)
Hold Fast to Dreams (Langston Hughes)
I Grew a Rose (Paul Laurence Dunbar)
I'm Goin' to Lay Down My Heavy Load (Spiritual)
Love-in-a-mist (Mary Rolofson Gamble)
My Little Soul's Goin' to Shine (Spiritual)
My Neighbor (Paul Laurence Dunbar)
My Soul's Been Anchored in de Lord (Spiritual)
Night (Louise C. Wallace)
Out of the South Blew a Wind (Fannie Carter Woods)
Resignation (Florence B. Price)
Rise Mourner (Spiritual)
Save Me Lord, Save Me (Spiritual)
Some o' These Days (Spiritual)
Song to the Dark Virgin (Langston Hughes)
Sunset (Odessa P. Elder)
Sympathy (Paul Laurence Dunbar)
The Glory of the Day Was in Her Face (James Weldon Johnson)
The Moon Bridge (Mary Rolofson Gamble)
The Poet and His Song (Paul Laurence Dunbar)
The Washerwoman (Otto Leland Bohanan)
To My Little Son (Julia Johnson Davis)
Travel's End (Mary Folwell Hoisington)
Trouble Done Come My Way (Florence B. Price)
Two Traditional Negro Spirituals: I am Bound for the Kingdom; I'm Workin' on My Buildin'
We Have Tomorrow (Langston Hughes)
Weary Traveler (Spiritual)
What's the Use (Paul Laurence Dunbar)
Words for a Spiritual ("Capricorn")
You Won't Find a Man Like Jesus (Spiritual)
Florence Price: Five Art Songs (Dr. Rae Linda Brown, ed.)
Key D Major - d minor
2. Travel's End (Mary Folwell Hoisington)
Key B Major (Low voice)
3. To My Little Son (Julia Johnson Davis)
Key B Major (Medium voice)
4. Fantasy in Purple (Langston Hughes)
Key f minor (Medium voice)
5. Sympathy (Paul Laurence Dunbar)
Key E-flat (Medium-High voice)
plus a transposed higher key, G Major (High voice)
Florence Price: Two Songs (Ruth C. Friedberg, ed.)
"Trouble Done Come My Way"
Art Songs by American Women Composers, Vol. 15: Florence Price
What's the use?
Go down, Moses
My little soul's goin' to shine
Anthology of Art Songs by Black American Composers, Compiled by Willis C. Patterson
Early in the Mornin' (David Baker)
A Good Assassination Should Be Quiet (David Baker)
Status Symbol (David Baker)
Three Dream Portraits: Minstrel Man; Dream Variations; I, Too (Margaret Bonds)
The Barrier (Charles Brown)
Song Without Words (Charles Brown)
Death of an Old Seaman (Cecil Cohen)
Two Songs for Julie Ju (Noel da Costa)
Cassandra's Lullaby (Mark Fax)
Love (Mark Fax)
A Charm at Parting (Adolphus C. Hailstork)
I Loved You (Adolphus C. Hailstork)
Absalom (Eugene Hancock)
Nunc Dimittis (Eugene Hancock)
Riding to Town (Thomas Kerr, Jr.)
Compensation (Charles Lloyd, Jr.)
If There Be Sorrow (Wendell Logan)
Marrow of My Bone (Wendell Logan)
Chanson Triste (Maurice McCall)
Sweet Sorrow (Maurice McCall)
Weary Blues (Dorothy Rudd Moore)
Love Let the Wind Cry...How I Adore Thee (Undine Moore)
Faithful One (Robert Owens)
Genius Child (Robert Owens)
A Child's Grace (Coleridge-Taylor Perkinson)
Melancholy (Coleridge-Taylor Perkinson)
Night (Florence Price)
Song to the Dark Virgin (Florence Price)
Velvet Shoes (Hale Smith)
Grief (William Grant Still)
A Death Song (Howard Swanson)
I Will Lie Down in Autumn (Howard Swanson)
The Negro Speaks of Rivers (Howard Swanson)
Lament (George Walker)
A Red, Red Rose (George Walker)
Wry Fragments (Olly Wilson)
Dancing in the Sun (John Work, Jr.)
Soliloquy (John Work, Jr.)
Art Songs and Spirituals by African-American Women Composers (Vivian Taylor, ed.)
Come Down Angels (Spiritual) (1978) - Undine Smith Moore
Dry Bones (Spiritual) (1946) - Margaret Bonds
Free At Last (Spiritual) (1951) - Julia Perry
He's Got the Whole World In His Hand (Spiritual) (1963) - Margaret Bonds
I Am in Doubt (1975) - Undine Smith Moore
I'm a Poor Li'l Orphan in This Worl' (Spiritual) (1952) - Julia Perry
In the Springtime (1976) - Betty Jackson King
Is There Anybody Here That Loves My Jesus (Spiritual) (1981) - Undine Smith Moore
It's Me, O Lord (Spiritual) (1988) - Betty Jackson King
Lord, I Just Can't Keep from Cryin' (Spiritual) (1946) - Margaret Bonds
Love Let the Wind Cry… How I Adore Thee (1977) - Undine Smith Moore
My Dream (1935) - Florence B. Price
My Soul's Been Anchored in the Lord (Spiritual) (1937) - Florence B. Price
Night (1946) - Florence B. Price
Song to the Dark Virgin (1926) - Florence B. Price
The Negro Speaks of Rivers (1942) - Margaret Bonds
Three Dream Portraits (1959) - Margaret Bonds
Watch and Pray (Spiritual) (1972) - Undine Smith Moore